Sequence comparison of the lactoferrin of various animal species and its prospects as an animal feed additive

Hamong Suharsono 1, Ni Luh Wayan Yulia Mirayanti 2, Nengah Kerta Besung 3, Ni Putu Sutrisna Dewi 4, 5, Ni Putu Novi Aritayanti 4, Made Sumitha Kameswari 4, Bayu Krisna Mahardika 5, Ida Bagus Kade Suardana 6, Xiaole Qi 7 and Gusti Ngurah Mahardika 5, 6, *

1 Biochemistry Laboratory, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Udayana University of Bali, Jl. PB Sudirman, Denpasar 80225, Indonesia.
2 Post Graduate School of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Udayana University of Bali, Kampus Bukit Jimbaran, Badung, Bali, Indonesia.
3 Microbiology Laboratory, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Udayana University of Bali, Jl. PB Sudirman, Denpasar 80225, Indonesia.
4 Post Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Udayana University of Bali, Jl. PB Sudirman, Denpasar 80225, Indonesia.
5 The Animal Biomedical and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Udayana University of Bali, Jl. Sesetan-Markisa 6, Denpasar 80226, Indonesia.
6 Virology Laboratory, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Udayana University of Bali, Jl. PB Sudirman, Denpasar 80225, Indonesia.
7 Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, 678 Haping Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin, 150069, P.R. China.
 
Research Article
International Journal of Life Science Research Archive, 2023, 04(01), 051-061.
Article DOI: 10.53771/ijlsra.2023.4.1.0011
Publication history: 
Received on 02 December 2022; revised on 15 January 2023; accepted on 18 January 2023
 
Abstract: 
Lactoferrin as a feed additive is worth to be explored. However, reports on its application are contradictory, which might be associated with the genetic relatedness. Here we compare the lactoferrin nucleotide and its deduced amino acid sequence. Sequence data for lactoferrin of various animal and human were download from GenBank. The phylogenetic relatedness was inferred and the amino acid sequences were aligned to identify conserved and polymorphic sites. The protein three-dimension structures were estimated using online software. The result showed the lengths of lactoferrin, lactotransferrin or ovotransferrin are 703–711 residues. The phylogeny showed that the lactoferrins of buffalo, cow, goat, pig, camel, and horse formed one group; monkey, human, and gorilla formed a second group; and dog and cat formed a third group. Chicken ovotransferrin was an outgroup. Genetic distances between groups were 0.242–0.061, while smallest span between taxa was 0.016 (human to gorilla) and the highest was 0.612 (chicken to goat). The conserved residues spanned from the amino terminus to the carboxy terminus. There are 27 conserved cysteine residues. N-link glycosylation of the “NXS” and “NXT” motives of lactoferrin diverge between species. A species specific or group specific lactoferrin supplement should be beneficial to animal production.
 
Keywords: 
Lactoferrin; Ovotransferrin; Feed additive; Phylogeny; Polymorphic sites; N-link glycosylation motives; Modelling
 
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Copyright © 2023 Author(s) retain the copyright of this article. This article is published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Liscense 4.0