Combined Vitamin C and Ginsenoside Rg1 Attenuate Hyperlipidemia-Induced DNA Damage and Inflammatory Responses via Modulation of STAT3 and Mip2 Signaling Pathways

Muhanad Jassam Mohammad 1, *, Omar Isam Mamdoouh 2 and Suaad Helal Dhahir 3

1 Department of Biology,  College  of  Science, Tikrit University, Tikrit, Iraq.
2 Department of Biology, College of Education for Pure Sciences, Tikrit University, Tikrit, Iraq.
3 Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Pharmacy , Tikrit University, Tikrit, Iraq.
* Corresponding Author:
ORCID Details
Muhanad Jassam Mohammad: https://orcid.org/0009-0006-3002-2325
 
Research Article
International Journal of Life Science Research Archive, 2026, 11(01), 084–092.
Article DOI: 10.53771/ijlsra.2026.11.1.0073
Publication history: 
Received on 17 August 2026; revised on 24 September 2026; accepted on 25 September 2026
 
Abstract: 
Background: Hyperlipidemia is a major factor in metabolic disorders, as it physiologically induces oxidative stress and DNA damage, as well as modulating immune responses towards inflammation by activating pathogenic cellular pathways such as STAT3 protein and Mip2 chemokine. Hence, the purpose of this study was to investigate the individual and combined anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory effects of atorvastatin, vitamin C and ginsenoside Rg1. Experimental design: The animals used in this study were 35 male Sprague Dawley rats, which were randomly allocated to 7 groups of 5 rats each and fed a normal control diet, hyperlipidic diet (high-fat diet), hyperlipidic diet + atorvastatin (2 mg/kg), hyperlipidic diet + vitamin C (200 mg/kg), hyperlipidic diet + Ginsenoside Rg1 (20 mg/kg), hyperlipidic diet + combination (atorvastatin + Ginsenoside Rg1), hyperlipidic diet + combination (vitamin C + Ginsenoside Rg1) for 30 days.  Results: The hyperlipidemia group showed a significant increase in markers of oxidative stress and cellular damage (MDA and 8-OHdG) and inflammation (STAT3 and Mip2), contrasted with a sharp decrease in antioxidants (SOD and GPx) and the anti-inflammatory cytokine (IL-10) compared to the normal control (P ≤ 0.05). All treatments significantly reversed the pathological changes. The combination of vitamin C with ginsenoside Rg1 had the most favourable physiological effects, with a significant decrease in MDA and 8-OHdG, a recovery of SOD and GPx activity, and a clear increase in IL-10 concentration, compared with hyperlipidaemic group. Conclusion: It is concluded that hyperlipidemia induces a profound physiological imbalance, and that combining vitamin C with Ginsenoside Rg1 provides superior synergistic protection that surpasses single treatments in suppressing oxidative stress and cellular inflammation.
 
Keywords: 
Hyperlipidemia, Atorvastatin, Vitamin C, Ginsenoside Rg1, 8-OHDG, STAT3, Signaling Pathways.
 
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