Green synthesis and characterization of silver nanoparticles using leaf extract of Aegle marmelos (L.) and their antibacterial, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities
Department of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Food Technology, Jnana Bharathi Campus, Bangalore University, Bangalore, Karnataka, 560 056, India.
Research Article
International Journal of Science and Technology Research Archive, 2026, 10(02), 040-059.
Article DOI: 10.53771/ijstra.2026.10.2.0023
Publication history:
Received on 28 April 2026; revised on 07 June 2026; accepted on 09 June 2026
Abstract:
The present research comprises of green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) by Aegle marmelos leaf extracts their characterization and biological applications such as antimicrobial, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity. The synthesized AgNPs were characterized using UV–Vis spectroscopy, FTIR, SEM and XRD, which collectively confirmed the successful formation of stable and crystalline nanoparticles with defined particle sizes. The UV–Vis analysis showed a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) peak centered at 405 nm, indicating the presence of AgNPs. The FTIR spectrum revealed distinct absorption bands at 660.2 cm-1, 639.83 cm-1, 620.23 cm-1 and 605.47 cm-1 suggesting the involvement of functional groups in stabilization. The scanning electron microscope analysis demonstrated that the nanoparticles had an irregular morphology, with a broad size distribution and noticeable aggregation. Particle size analysis from selected regions indicates sizes of 93.5 nm, 136 nm, 178 nm, and 187 nm, yielding an average particle size of approximately 148.1 nm. Furthermore, XRD analysis exhibited five prominent diffraction peaks at 27.82°, 32.10°, 38.10°, 41.15°, 44.10°, 46.13°, 64.39°, and 77.32°, which correspond to the (111), (210), (122), (200), (231), (220), and (311) planes of face-centered cubic silver, confirming their crystalline structure. Bioactivity assays revealed that AgNPs from A. marmelos exhibited significant antimicrobial, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Zone of inhibition increases with concentrations 25- 200µg/ml. The maximum zone of inhibition 15 mm for B. subtilis and 17 mm for E. mori was observed at 200µg/ml. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assay of A. marmelos AgNPs demonstrated a dose dependent antimicrobial effect; the lowest concentration of 5 µg/ml was inhibition of 8.54% whereas a substantial inhibitory effect of 63.41% was recorded at the highest concentration of 160 µg/ml. The antioxidant activity of A. marmelos - derived AgNPs was evaluated using the DPPH radical scavenging assay, and concentration dependent increase in radical scavenging activity, with inhibition ranging from 11.5% at 25µg/ml to 46.9% at 200µg/ml. The anti-inflammatory activity of A. marmelos derived AgNPs increased in a concentration dependent manner with inhibition ranging from 14.45% at 25 µg/ml to 38.55% at 200 µg/ml. Based on our studies, further identification of the major compounds of leaf extracts is acceptable.
Keywords:
Aegle Marmelos; Silver Nanoparticles; Antibacterial; Antioxidant, Minimum Inhibitory Concentration; Anti-Inflammatory
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