Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-diabetic properties of the methanol extracts of Melia azedarach Linn. Leaf, stem bark and root (Meliaceae)
1 Madonna University Elele, Rivers State, Nigeria.
2 Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria.
3 University of Uyo, Akwa-IbomState, Nigeria.
Research Article
International Journal of Science and Technology Research Archive, 2025, 09(02), 001-008.
Article DOI: 10.53771/ijstra.2025.9.2.0059
Publication history:
Received on 28 August 2025; revised on 14October 2025; accepted on 17 October 2025
Abstract:
Oxidative stress triggers inflammatory response which results in many diseases such as diabetics, cancers, cardiovascular diseases and lung diseases. Methanol extracts and fractions of M. azedarach leaf, stem bark and root were investigated for anti-inflammatory and anti-diabetics activities. The leaf, stem bark and root of M. azedarach were collected, air-dried in the oven at a room temperature and extracted into distilled methanol. The extracts were concentrated in vacuo and subjected to; phytochemical analysis, in vitro free radical scavenging activity (FRSA) [2, 2 diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH)], anti-inflammatory and antidiabetic assay using carrageenan-induced paw oedema in rat and alpha amylase inhibition. Data obtained were analyzed by Graphpad prism version 5.0. The phytochemical profile of the extracts includes alkaloids, steroids, saponins, tannins and glycosides. The root extract was the most active extract than the leaf and stembark by mopping up the free radical at IC50 of 0.463 µg/mL as compared to standard drugs, ascorbic acid (5.76 µg/mL) and gallic acid (3.77 µg/mL ). The root extracts significantly inhibited carrageenan-induced paw oedema in rats at 19.2% at a minimal dose of 50 mg/kg than the leaf and stem bark extracts as calculated as area under the curve (AUC). The root extract displayed highest inhibitory activity (IC50 = 1.684 µg/mL) than the leaf (IC50 = 2.503 µg/mL) and stem bark (IC50 = 1.932 µg/mL) in antidiabetic assay when compared to the positive control (Metformin, IC50 = 0.514 µg/mL ). The root has shown potent anti-inflammatory and antidiabetic activities.
Keywords:
Antioxidant; Antidiebetic; Melia azedarach; Metformin
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