A critical review on the progression of gene expression in prokaryotic and eukaryotic animals
Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, GCU Lahore. Pakistan.
Review
International Journal of Science and Technology Research Archive, 2022, 03(02), 060–072.
Article DOI: 10.53771/ijstra.2022.3.2.0108
Publication history:
Received on 29 August 2022; revised on 17 October 2022; accepted on 19 October 2022
Abstract:
This article is totally based on the literature review about gene expression. Gene is the part of the DNA that is responsible for the formation of the genotype and then a phenotype. Gene can only be expressed in case of formation of protein. The process of the gene expression is accomplished in the two steps; Transcription and translation. Transcription is the process of the formation of the mRNA. Transcription proceeds in the three steps. In initiation step the RNA polymerase moves on the unwind DNA strand until the promoter sequence is reached, next is the elongation step in the newly synthesized RNA strand elongates, the process terminates as the RNA polymerase realize the termination sequence. After the mRNA is formed it is released into the cytoplasm without any alterations in case of prokaryotes, but in case of eukaryotes post transcriptional modifications takes place which include capping, tailing and splicing. Translation is the process of the formation of protein from mRNA. Translation proceeds in the four steps in which the t RNA is charged, the initiation complex is formed with Met-tRNA at the P site start codon is recognized after binding of the ribosomal subunits to mRNA, in elongation step the peptide bond is formed and the polypeptide chain grows, stop codons enters at the A site and thus the process is terminated.
Keywords:
Gene Expression; Protein formation; Prokaryotic cells; Eukaryotic cells; Transcription; Translation
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Copyright © 2022 Author(s) retain the copyright of this article. This article is published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Liscense 4.0