Phytochemical screening and evaluation of antioxidant activity of the stem bark of Anacardium occidentale L. and Vitellaria paradoxa C.F. Gaertn, two medicinal plants from Poro region (Northern of Côte d'Ivoire)

Gboko Abiba Ouattara 1, 2, Tiekpa Wawa Justine 1, 2, Kamagaté Tidiane 1, 2, *, Boni Ahoussi Pascal 1, Kabran Aka Faustin 3, Touré Abdoulaye 1, 2, Kablan Ahmont Landry Claude 1, 3, Diabaté Donourou 3 and Soro Yadé Réné 1

1 Laboratory of Biotechnology and Valorisation of Agroresources and Natural Substances, UFR of Biological Sciences, University Peleforo GON COULIBALY, PO Box 1328 Korhogo, Ivory Coast.
2 Laboratory of Biochimical Pharmacodynamy, UFR of Biosciences, University Félix HOUPHOUËT-BOIGNY, 22 PO Box 582 Abidjan 22, Ivory Coast.
3 Laboratory of Constitution and Reaction of Matter, UFR Structural Sciences of Matter and Technology, University Félix HOUPHOUËT-BOIGNY, 22 PO Box 582 Abidjan 22, Ivory Coast.
4 Laboratory of Biotechnology, UFR of Biosciences, University Félix HOUPHOUËT-BOIGNY, PO Box 582 Abidjan 22, Ivory Coast.
 
Research Article
International Journal of Science and Technology Research Archive, 2021, 01(02), 022–028.
Article DOI: 10.53771/ijstra.2021.1.2.0042
Publication history: 
Received on 16 August 2021; revised on 27 September 2021; accepted on 29 September 2021
 
Abstract: 
Anacardium occidentale and Vitellaria paradoxa are two medicinal plants traditionally used by Ivorian, particularly in the treatment of diabetes, arterial hypertension and diarrhea. The objective of this work was to evaluate the phytochemical constituents and the antioxidant activity of the stem barks of A. occidentale L. and V. paradoxa. The stem bark of both plants was used for the aqueous extraction. Major chemical groups were identified using the tube staining method followed by confirmation by thin layer chromatography (TLC). The antioxidant activity of the extracts was evaluated by DPPH method.
The results of phytochemical screening of plant extracts revealed the presence of polyphenols, anthraquinones, tannins, sterols, terpenes and saponins. In addition, the evaluation of the antioxidant activity by spectrophotometry using the DPPH method showed that all extracts had significant and different antioxydant activity compared to the reference molecule (Vitamin C, IC50 = 0.80 ± 0.70 µg/mL) with respective IC50 of 0.42 ± 0.32 µg/mL for V. paradoxa and 0.87 ± 0.77 µg/mL for A. occidentale. V. paradoxa therefore has the best antioxydant activity. These results could explain the therapeutic virtues of A. occidentale and V. paradoxa in the treatment of various pathologies.
 
Keywords: 
Phytochemical screening; Antioxidant; Vitellaria paradoxa; DPPH
 
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